Condition
Macular Degeneration: Understanding AMD
Macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of central vision loss in adults over 50. The macula — the small central area of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision — gradually breaks down. There are two types: dry (most common) and wet (more aggressive).
Video Overview
Macular Degeneration: Understanding AMD
Symptoms
Blurry or distorted central vision (straight lines appear wavy)
Dark or empty spots in the center of your visual field
Difficulty reading fine print or recognizing faces
Colors appear less vivid or washed out
Need for increasingly brighter light when reading
Sudden loss of central vision (wet AMD — seek urgent care)
Causes
Aging — most people develop AMD after age 60
Genetic predisposition and family history
Smoking doubles or triples the risk
Prolonged UV light exposure without protection
Cardiovascular disease and high blood pressure
Diet low in antioxidants and omega-3 fatty acids
Treatments
Anti-VEGF injections (Lucentis, Eylea, Avastin) for wet AMD
AREDS2 vitamin formula supplements for dry AMD
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) to destroy abnormal vessels
Low vision aids (magnifiers, special lenses)
Lifestyle changes: quit smoking, UV protection, healthy diet
Regular monitoring with OCT scans and Amsler grid
Stem cell and gene therapy (emerging treatments)
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