Silmatervis
Comprehensive Eye Health Education Platform
Learn about eye conditions, procedures, treatments, and vision care from KSA Vision Clinic, Estonia's leading eye care provider.
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conditions
Dry Eye Syndrome (Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca / KCS)
Dry Eye Syndrome (keratoconjunctivitis sicca, or KCS) dry eye happens when your eyes don't make enough tears, or the tears aren't good quality. This causes discomfort and can make it hard to see well.
Priority: 1/10
Myopia (Nearsightedness)
With myopia, distant objects look blurry, but nearby objects are clear. This happens because light focuses in front of the back of your eye instead of right on it.
Priority: 2/10
Hyperopia (Farsightedness)
With hyperopia, nearby objects look blurry, but distant objects are clearer. Light focuses behind the back of your eye instead of right on the special seeing part.
Priority: 3/10
Astigmatism
Astigmatism means your eye isn't perfectly round shaped. This causes blurriness both near and far because light focuses at different points in your eye.
Priority: 4/10
Presbyopia (Age-Related Vision Change)
Presbyopia is when your eyes naturally become less flexible as you get older. This makes it hard to focus on things close to you, usually after age 40.
Priority: 5/10
Cataracts (Cataracta)
A cataract (cataracta) is when the lens inside your eye becomes cloudy or opaque. a cataract is when the lens inside your eye becomes cloudy. This makes vision cloudy and can make it hard to see clearly, especially at night.
Priority: 6/10
Glaucoma (Increased Intraocular Pressure)
Glaucoma happens when pressure inside your eye (intraocular pressure, or IOP) becomes too high. glaucoma happens when pressure inside your eye damages the nerve that sends images to your brain. It's often called the silent thief of sight because there are usually no early symptoms. This increased pressure can damage the optic nerve.
Priority: 7/10
Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD / Macular Degeneration)
Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) happens when the macula (the center part of the retina that handles sharp, detailed vision) breaks down over time. aMD is a condition where the macula (the center part of the retina) breaks down. This causes blurry vision in the center of your sight, especially in older adults.
Priority: 8/10
Diabetic Retinopathy (Diabetic Eye Disease)
Diabetic Retinopathy is eye damage caused by diabetes. High blood sugar damages blood vessels in the retina (the light-sensitive layer at the back of your eye). diabetic retinopathy happens when high blood sugar damages the blood vessels in the retina. It can lead to vision loss if not treated.
Priority: 9/10
Retinal Detachment (Detached Retina)
A Retinal Detachment (detached retina) happens when the retina (the thin layer of light-sensing tissue at the back of your eye) pulls away or separates from the eye wall. a retinal detachment happens when the retina peels away from the back of the eye. This is a serious condition that requires urgent medical care.
Priority: 10/10
Amblyopia (Lazy Eye / Suppressed Vision)
Amblyopia (lazy eye, or suppressed vision) happens when one eye doesn't develop normal vision during childhood. amblyopia, or lazy eye, happens when one eye doesn't develop clear vision. The brain learns to ignore signals from the weaker eye.
Priority: 11/10
Strabismus (Eye Misalignment / Crossed Eyes / Eye Turn)
Strabismus (eye misalignment, crossed eyes, or eye turn) is when your eyes don't point in the same direction. strabismus is when the eyes don't point in the same direction. One eye may turn inward, outward, up, or down.
Priority: 12/10
Corneal Abrasion (Scratched Cornea / Corneal Epithelial Defect)
A Corneal Abrasion (scratched cornea, or corneal epithelial defect) is when the clear front layer of your eye (cornea) gets scratched or scraped. a corneal abrasion is a scratch on the clear front surface of your eye. It's painful but usually heals quickly.
Priority: 13/10
Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye / Conjunctival Inflammation)
Conjunctivitis (pink eye, or conjunctival inflammation) is when the membrane covering your white eye gets red and swollen. pink eye is an infection or inflammation of the clear membrane covering the white of your eye. It's very contagious when caused by viruses or bacteria.
Priority: 14/10
Presbyopic Myopia (Nearsightedness with Age)
This is when someone with myopia also develops presbyopia with age. They need different glasses for distance and reading.
Priority: 15/10
Floaters and Flashes (Vitreous Floaters and Photopsia)
Floaters and flashes are common eye experiences. Floaters (vitreous floaters) are tiny spots that float across your vision, usually caused by changes in the clear jelly inside your eye (vitreous humor). Flashes (photopsia) are quick flashes of light. floaters are small spots drifting in your vision. Flashes are brief streaks of light. Both are usually harmless but sometimes need attention.
Priority: 16/10
Color Blindness (Color Vision Deficiency)
Color Blindness (color vision deficiency) means your eyes have trouble seeing certain colors, usually red, green, or blue. color blindness means difficulty seeing or distinguishing certain colors. Most common is red-green color blindness.
Priority: 17/10
Nystagmus (Involuntary Eye Movement / Eye Jitter)
Nystagmus (involuntary eye movement, or eye jitter) is when your eyes move back and forth or in circles without you controlling them. nystagmus is when your eyes make involuntary movements back and forth. This can affect vision clarity and balance.
Priority: 18/10
Scotoma (Blind Spot / Visual Field Defect)
A Scotoma (blind spot, or visual field defect) is an area where you cannot see or where vision is reduced. a scotoma is a blind spot in your vision - an area where you cannot see. Everyone has a natural blind spot, but some develop abnormal ones.
Priority: 19/10
Keratoconus (Cone-Shaped Cornea / Corneal Ectasia)
Keratoconus (cone-shaped cornea, or corneal ectasia) is a condition where the clear front of your eye (cornea) becomes thin and cone-shaped instead of staying dome-shaped. keratoconus is when your cornea becomes cone-shaped instead of round. This causes irregular astigmatism and blurry vision.
Priority: 20/10
Mixed Vision Problems (Presbyopia with Myopia or Hyperopia)
Many adults have a combination of refractive error (myopia or hyperopia) plus presbyopia. This requires multifocal correction.
Priority: 21/10
Posterior Vitreous Detachment (PVD / Vitreous Separation)
Posterior Vitreous Detachment (PVD, or vitreous separation) happens when the clear jelly inside your eye (vitreous humor) shrinks and pulls away from the retina. This is common with age and usually harmless, but sometimes it can cause flashes or floaters.
Priority: 22/10
Episcleritis (Episcleral Inflammation)
Episcleritis (episcleral inflammation) is mild inflammation of the thin tissue (episclera) between the conjunctiva and sclera. It usually goes away on its own and is not serious.
Priority: 23/10
Scleritis (Sclera Inflammation / Scleral Inflammation)
Scleritis (sclera inflammation, or scleral inflammation) is more serious inflammation of the white part of the eye (sclera). It requires medical attention because it can affect vision.
Priority: 24/10
Ocular Herpes (Herpes Simplex Eye Infection / Herpes Keratitis)
Ocular Herpes (herpes simplex eye infection, or herpes keratitis) is an infection of the eye caused by the herpes simplex virus. It can cause painful sores on the cornea.
Priority: 25/10
Uveitis (Uveal Inflammation / Intraocular Inflammation)
Uveitis (uveal inflammation, or intraocular inflammation) is inflammation of the uvea (the middle layer of the eye). It can cause pain, redness, and vision problems.
Priority: 26/10
Blepharitis (Eyelid Inflammation / Eyelid Margin Inflammation)
Blepharitis (eyelid inflammation, or eyelid margin inflammation) is inflammation of the eyelid edges where the eyelashes grow. It causes itching, redness, and crusting.
Priority: 27/10
Chalazion (Meibomian Cyst / Oil Gland Cyst)
A Chalazion (meibomian cyst, or oil gland cyst) is a bump on the eyelid caused by a blocked oil gland. It's painless and usually goes away on its own.
Priority: 28/10
Stye (Hordeolum / Eyelid Infection)
A Stye (hordeolum, or eyelid infection) is a painful red bump on the eyelid caused by a bacterial infection of an eyelash follicle or oil gland.
Priority: 29/10
Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (MGD / Oil Gland Blockage)
Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (MGD, or oil gland blockage) happens when the oil glands in your eyelids don't produce enough oil or the oil is poor quality. This causes dry eye and eyelid problems.
Priority: 30/10
Lattice Degeneration (Retinal Lattice / Peripheral Retinal Thinning)
Lattice Degeneration (retinal lattice, or peripheral retinal thinning) is a thinning of the retina in patches, usually in the outer edges. It increases risk of retinal detachment.
Priority: 31/10
Macular Hole (Foveal Defect / Central Retinal Defect)
A Macular Hole (foveal defect, or central retinal defect) is a break in the macula (the center part of the retina). It causes blurred or distorted central vision.
Priority: 32/10
Macular Degeneration: Understanding AMD
Macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of central vision loss in adults over 50. The macula — the small central area of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision — gradually breaks down. There are two types: dry (most common) and wet (more aggressive).
Priority: 111/10
Diabetic Eye Disease: Protecting Vision in Diabetes
Diabetes can harm several parts of the eye, including the retina, lens, and optic nerve. Diabetic eye disease is a group of conditions — primarily diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular edema, cataracts, and glaucoma — that can cause vision loss if uncontrolled.
Priority: 112/10
Age-Related Vision Changes: What to Expect After 40
As we age, our eyes undergo natural changes that affect how well we see. From presbyopia to reduced night vision and color perception shifts, understanding these changes helps you manage them proactively and maintain quality of life.
Priority: 113/10
Color Vision Deficiency (Color Blindness): Causes and Living Well
Color vision deficiency (commonly called color blindness) occurs when the cone photoreceptors in the retina do not function normally. Most people are not completely blind to color but have difficulty distinguishing certain hues, especially reds and greens.
Priority: 114/10
Night Blindness (Nyctalopia): Causes and Management
Night blindness (nyctalopia) is difficulty seeing in dim light or at night. While some cases are inherited, most are caused by conditions like vitamin A deficiency, cataracts, glaucoma, or retinitis pigmentosa. It is often a symptom of an underlying eye problem rather than a standalone disease.
Priority: 115/10
Keratoconus: Corneal Thinning and Cone Deformity
Keratoconus is a progressive eye condition in which the normally round cornea thins and begins to bulge outward into a cone-like shape. This distorts vision by scattering light as it enters the eye, causing blurry and distorted sight that cannot be fully corrected with regular glasses.
Priority: 116/10
Red Eye: Causes, Diagnosis, and When to Seek Help
Red eye (conjunctival hyperaemia) is one of the most common reasons people visit an eye clinic. It can range from a harmless dry eye irritation or broken blood vessel to a serious infection, inflammatory condition, or acute glaucoma attack requiring urgent care. Correct diagnosis is key.
Priority: 131/10
procedures
LASIK Eye Surgery (Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis)
LASIK (Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis) is an eye surgery that uses a laser to reshape the cornea (clear front of your eye) to fix vision problems like myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism. lASIK is a laser surgery that reshapes your cornea to correct myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism. Most people see clearly without glasses after.
Priority: 1/10
Cataract Surgery (Cataract Extraction)
Cataract Surgery (cataract extraction) removes the cloudy lens inside your eye and replaces it with a clear artificial lens (intraocular lens, or IOL). cataract surgery removes the cloudy lens and replaces it with a clear artificial lens. Vision improves immediately after.
Priority: 2/10
PRK Laser Surgery (Photorefractive Keratectomy)
PRK (Photorefractive Keratectomy) is a laser surgery that reshapes the cornea to fix vision problems. It's similar to LASIK but uses a different technique. pRK is a laser surgery similar to LASIK but without creating a corneal flap. It's good for thin corneas.
Priority: 3/10
SMILE Laser Surgery (Small Incision Lenticule Extraction)
SMILE (Small Incision Lenticule Extraction) is a newer laser surgery that reshapes the cornea through a tiny incision to fix myopia and astigmatism. sMILE is newer laser surgery that reshapes the cornea without creating a flap. Less invasive than LASIK.
Priority: 4/10
Retinal Detachment Surgery (Retinal Reattachment)
Retinal Detachment Surgery (retinal reattachment) reattaches the retina (light-sensing tissue) back to the eye wall to restore vision. this surgery reattaches the detached retina. Multiple surgical options exist depending on the detachment type.
Priority: 5/10
Glaucoma Surgery (Glaucoma Filtration / Aqueous Outflow Surgery)
Glaucoma Surgery (glaucoma filtration or aqueous outflow surgery) improves fluid drainage from the eye to lower intraocular pressure (IOP). glaucoma surgery creates a new drain pathway for fluid, lowering eye pressure and preventing vision loss.
Priority: 6/10
Corneal Transplant (Corneal Graft / Keratoplasty)
A Corneal Transplant (corneal graft, or keratoplasty) replaces diseased or damaged corneal tissue with healthy tissue from a donor. a corneal transplant replaces diseased or damaged cornea with healthy donated tissue. It restores vision clarity.
Priority: 7/10
Eyelid Surgery (Blepharoplasty / Oculoplastic Surgery)
Eyelid Surgery (blepharoplasty, or oculoplastic surgery) fixes eyelid problems like drooping, puffiness, or positioning issues. eyelid surgery corrects drooping eyelids, excess skin, or other eyelid problems affecting vision or appearance.
Priority: 8/10
Dry Eye Treatment Procedures
Various procedures treat severe dry eye when drops aren't enough. These improve tear production or seal tear ducts.
Priority: 9/10
Vitrectomy (Gel Removal from Eye)
Vitrectomy removes the gel (vitreous) from the eye. This is used to treat retinal problems, bleeding, or severe floaters.
Priority: 10/10
Photorefractive Keratoplasty (PRK)
PRK uses excimer laser to reshape the cornea surface. It corrects myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism without corneal flap.
Priority: 11/10
Intraocular Lens Implant
An intraocular lens (IOL) is an artificial lens implanted in the eye during cataract surgery or refractive surgery.
Priority: 12/10
Laser Eye Surgery Overview
Laser eye surgery uses focused light beams to reshape the cornea or treat eye conditions. Many types available.
Priority: 13/10
Conductive Keratoplasty (CK)
CK uses radiofrequency energy to reshape the cornea. It's useful for correcting presbyopia or mild refractive errors.
Priority: 14/10
YAG Capsulotomy (Laser Capsule Opening)
YAG capsulotomy uses a laser to open the cloudy capsule behind an implanted lens. It's done in office and restores vision.
Priority: 15/10
Refractive Lens Exchange (Clear Lens Exchange / Lens Replacement Surgery)
Refractive Lens Exchange (clear lens exchange, or lens replacement surgery) removes your clear natural lens and replaces it with an artificial intraocular lens to correct vision problems.
Priority: 16/10
Femtosecond Laser Surgery (Femto LASIK / All-Laser LASIK)
Femtosecond Laser Surgery (femto LASIK, or all-laser LASIK) uses an ultra-precise laser to reshape the cornea for vision correction with greater accuracy than traditional LASIK.
Priority: 17/10
Corneal Cross-Linking (CXL / Riboflavin Therapy)
Corneal Cross-Linking (CXL, or riboflavin therapy) uses riboflavin drops and UV light to strengthen corneal tissue, treating conditions like keratoconus.
Priority: 18/10
Implantable Contact Lens (ICL / Phakic IOL)
An Implantable Contact Lens (ICL, or phakic IOL) is a permanent prescription lens implanted inside your eye in front of your natural lens to correct vision.
Priority: 19/10
Pterygium Removal (Pterygium Excision / Tissue Grafting)
Pterygium Removal (pterygium excision, or tissue grafting) surgically removes the pterygium (fleshy growth) from the eye surface to improve appearance and reduce irritation.
Priority: 20/10
Advanced Surface Ablation (ASA / TPRK / Surface Laser)
Advanced Surface Ablation (ASA, TPRK, or surface laser) uses a laser to reshape the cornea surface without creating a flap, suitable for thin corneas.
Priority: 21/10
Intacs Corneal Implant (Corneal Inlays / Intracorneal Ring Segments)
Intacs Corneal Implant (corneal inlays, or intracorneal ring segments) places small plastic rings or lenses inside the cornea to improve vision in keratoconus or presbyopia.
Priority: 22/10
Limbal Relaxing Incisions (LRI / Astigmatic Keratotomy)
Limbal Relaxing Incisions (LRI, or astigmatic keratotomy) are small incisions in the eye to reduce astigmatism by flattening the cornea.
Priority: 23/10
Epithelial Ingrowth Removal (Flap Complication Treatment)
Epithelial Ingrowth Removal treats a rare LASIK complication where cells grow under the corneal flap, requiring surgical removal.
Priority: 24/10
YAG Laser Capsulotomy (Posterior Capsule Opacification Treatment)
YAG Laser Capsulotomy uses a laser to create an opening in the cloudy capsule behind an intraocular lens, restoring clear vision after cataract surgery.
Priority: 25/10
Intravitreal Injections: Anti-VEGF Treatment for Retinal Disease
Intravitreal injections deliver medication directly into the vitreous cavity of the eye. They are the primary treatment for wet age-related macular degeneration, diabetic macular edema, and retinal vein occlusion. Common medications include ranibizumab (Lucentis), aflibercept (Eylea), and bevacizumab (Avastin).
Priority: 122/10
Eyelid Surgery (Blepharoplasty): Functional and Cosmetic Correction
Blepharoplasty is surgical correction of the eyelids to remove excess skin, fat, and muscle. It may be performed on upper or lower eyelids, or both. Functional blepharoplasty restores vision blocked by drooping upper eyelids (ptosis). Cosmetic blepharoplasty improves the aesthetic appearance of the eye area.
Priority: 123/10
treatments
Glasses (Eyeglasses)
Glasses are lenses that help focus light properly on the retina. They correct myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, and presbyopia.
Priority: 1/10
Contact Lenses
Contact lenses are small, curved pieces placed directly on the eye. They correct the same vision errors as glasses.
Priority: 2/10
Eye Drops and Lubricants
Eye drops are liquid medications or lubricants applied to the eye. They treat dryness, allergies, infection, and other conditions.
Priority: 3/10
Eye Vitamins and Supplements
Eye vitamins contain nutrients proven to support eye health. They may slow age-related vision changes.
Priority: 4/10
Computer Vision Syndrome Management
Computer vision syndrome (digital eye strain) is managed through habits, breaks, and glasses if needed.
Priority: 5/10
Protective Eyewear
Protective eyewear shields eyes from injury during sports, work, or hazardous activities.
Priority: 6/10
Sunglasses and UV Protection
UV protective sunglasses prevent eye damage from sun exposure. They protect against cataracts and macular degeneration.
Priority: 7/10
Antihistamine Eye Drops (Antiallergic Medications)
Antihistamine Eye Drops (antiallergic medications) reduce itching, redness, and swelling caused by allergic reactions. antihistamine drops quickly relieve itching and redness from eye allergies.
Priority: 8/10
Steroid Eye Drops (Topical Corticosteroids)
Steroid Eye Drops (topical corticosteroids) reduce inflammation and swelling in the eye for conditions like uveitis or post-surgical inflammation. steroid eye drops reduce inflammation from allergies, surgery, or other eye conditions.
Priority: 9/10
Orthokeratology (Overnight Lenses)
Ortho-K lenses gently reshape the cornea while you sleep. Clear vision during the day without glasses.
Priority: 10/10
Eye Exercises and Vision Therapy
Eye exercises strengthen eye muscles and improve focusing ability for certain vision problems.
Priority: 11/10
Rigid Gas-Permeable Contact Lenses (RGP Lenses / Oxygen-Permeable Hard Lenses)
Rigid Gas-Permeable Contact Lenses (RGP lenses, or oxygen-permeable hard lenses) are durable contacts that let oxygen reach your eye while correcting vision. rGP lenses are hard contacts that let oxygen reach your eye. They're durable and correct astigmatism well.
Priority: 12/10
Toric Contact Lenses (Cylindrical Correction Lenses)
Toric Contact Lenses (cylindrical correction lenses) are specially shaped to correct astigmatism alongside myopia or hyperopia. toric lenses correct astigmatism by being different powers in different meridians.
Priority: 13/10
Multifocal Contact Lenses (Progressive Correction Lenses)
Multifocal Contact Lenses (progressive correction lenses) have different prescription strengths in different areas to correct presbyopia and other vision problems at multiple distances. multifocal contacts correct both distance and near vision for presbyopia.
Priority: 14/10
Cyclosporine Eye Drops (Immunosuppressant Drops / Topical Immunotherapy)
Cyclosporine Eye Drops (immunosuppressant drops, or topical immunotherapy) reduce inflammation and increase tear production for severe dry eye.
Priority: 15/10
Botulinum Toxin Injections (Botox for Eyes / Muscle Paralysis)
Botulinum Toxin Injections (Botox for eyes, or muscle paralysis) relax overactive eye muscles to treat conditions like spasms or involuntary blinking.
Priority: 16/10
Photodynamic Therapy (PDT / Avastin for Wet AMD)
Photodynamic Therapy (PDT, or drug-light treatment) uses a light-sensitive drug and laser to destroy abnormal blood vessels in age-related macular degeneration.
Priority: 17/10
Oral Glaucoma Medications (Acetazolamide / Systemic Drugs)
Oral Glaucoma Medications (acetazolamide, or systemic drugs) are taken by mouth to reduce intraocular pressure when eye drops alone are insufficient.
Priority: 18/10
Vitamin Supplementation for Eye Health (AREDS / Nutritional Supplements)
Vitamin Supplementation for Eye Health (AREDS, or nutritional supplements) provides antioxidants and minerals to slow age-related macular degeneration and other eye conditions.
Priority: 19/10
Protective Eyewear (Safety Glasses / Sports Goggles / UV Protection)
Protective Eyewear (safety glasses, sports goggles, or UV protection) shields your eyes from injury, UV rays, and environmental hazards.
Priority: 20/10
Lubricating Ointments (Ocular Ointments / Night-Time Lubrication)
Lubricating Ointments (ocular ointments, or night-time lubrication) provide longer-lasting moisture for severe dry eye, especially at night.
Priority: 21/10
Anti-Inflammatory Medications (NSAIDs / Corticosteroids for Eyes)
Anti-Inflammatory Medications (NSAIDs, or corticosteroids for eyes) reduce swelling and inflammation in the eye from various causes.
Priority: 22/10
Vision Training Exercises (Eye Exercises / Vision Therapy)
Vision Training Exercises (eye exercises, or vision therapy) strengthen eye muscles and improve visual skills for conditions like amblyopia or convergence insufficiency.
Priority: 23/10
Scleral Lenses (Large-Diameter Gas-Permeable Lenses / Specialty Contacts)
Scleral Lenses (large-diameter gas-permeable lenses, or specialty contacts) are large hard contact lenses that vault over the cornea, providing comfort and clear vision.
Priority: 24/10
Healthy Sleep and Eye Health: Why Rest Matters for Your Eyes
Sleep is essential for eye health. During sleep, your eyes rest, regenerate tear film, clear waste products, and repair daily cellular damage. Chronic sleep deprivation can worsen dry eye, cause twitching, increase eye pressure, and impair visual processing.
Priority: 117/10
Nutrition and Eye Health: Foods That Protect Your Vision
What you eat directly impacts your eye health. Certain nutrients — particularly lutein, zeaxanthin, omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins C and E, and zinc — protect the retina, reduce macular degeneration risk, and slow cataract progression. A well-nourished eye is better equipped to fight aging and disease.
Priority: 118/10
Blue Light Protection: Screens, Sleep, and Eye Safety
Blue light is a high-energy visible light emitted by digital screens, LED lighting, and the sun. While natural blue light regulates our wake-sleep cycle, excessive artificial blue light exposure from screens can contribute to digital eye strain, disrupt sleep, and may affect retinal health over time.
Priority: 119/10
Eyelid Hygiene: Daily Care to Prevent Blepharitis and Styes
Eyelid hygiene is a simple daily routine that prevents and treats a range of eyelid conditions including blepharitis, styes, meibomian gland dysfunction, and chronic dry eye. Warm compresses and gentle lid scrubs are the foundation of healthy eyelid care.
Priority: 120/10
Computer Vision Syndrome: Managing Digital Eye Strain
Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS), also called digital eye strain, affects up to 90% of computer workers. It is a cluster of eye and vision problems caused by prolonged screen use. Symptoms typically improve with rest but recur with screen exposure if ergonomics and habits are not addressed.
Priority: 127/10
Myopia Control and Prevention: Slowing Nearsightedness in Children
Myopia (nearsightedness) is reaching epidemic proportions globally, affecting nearly 50% of the world's population by 2050. Myopia control encompasses evidence-based strategies to slow the progression of myopia in children, reducing the risk of high myopia and its serious complications including retinal detachment and glaucoma.
Priority: 128/10
Diet and Nutrition for Glaucoma: Protecting the Optic Nerve
While glaucoma cannot be cured through diet alone, research shows that certain foods and nutrients can support optic nerve health, reduce oxidative stress, and may help lower intraocular pressure. A glaucoma-friendly diet is an important complement to medical treatment.
Priority: 129/10
Cataract Prevention: Lifestyle Strategies to Protect Your Lens
While age-related cataracts are inevitable for most people, the pace of development can be significantly slowed through lifestyle choices. UV protection, smoking cessation, managing diabetes, and antioxidant-rich nutrition are the most evidence-backed strategies.
Priority: 130/10
Amblyopia Treatment: How to Strengthen the Lazy Eye
Amblyopia (lazy eye) occurs when the brain favours one eye, causing the visual pathway from the weaker eye to develop poorly. Early treatment — ideally before age 7 — can restore normal vision. Key treatments include patching the stronger eye, atropine drops, and corrective glasses.
Priority: 132/10
Eye Safety in Sports and Physical Activities
Eye injuries in sports are largely preventable. Approximately 90% of sports-related eye injuries can be prevented with proper protective eyewear. Racket sports, contact sports, and ball sports carry the highest risk. Every athlete should understand the risks and wear certified protective eyewear.
Priority: 133/10
Office Eye Health: Protecting Vision at Your Desk
Millions of people spend 8+ hours daily in front of screens in office environments. Air conditioning, artificial lighting, computer glare, and reduced blinking collectively create conditions that stress the eyes. With smart ergonomics and habits, office workers can dramatically reduce eye strain and fatigue.
Priority: 134/10
UV and Sun Protection for Your Eyes: Sunglasses and Beyond
Ultraviolet radiation from the sun is a major risk factor for cataracts, pterygium, macular degeneration, and photokeratitis (arc eye). Proper UV protection — through certified sunglasses, hats, and UV-blocking contact lenses — is one of the most important long-term investments in eye health.
Priority: 135/10
anatomy
The Cornea (Front of the Eye)
The cornea is the clear, curved front part of your eye. It helps focus light so you can see clearly.
Priority: 1/10
The Lens (Inside Your Eye)
The lens is a clear, flexible part inside your eye that focuses light. It changes shape to help you see things at different distances.
Priority: 2/10
The Retina (Back of Your Eye)
The retina is light-sensitive tissue at the back of your eye. It captures light and sends signals to your brain to create vision.
Priority: 3/10
The Pupil and Iris
The iris is the colored part of your eye. The pupil is the black opening in the center that lets light in.
Priority: 4/10
The Optic Nerve
The optic nerve is like an electrical cable connecting the eye to the brain. It transmits vision signals from the retina.
Priority: 5/10
Vitreous Humor (Clear Gel / Vitreous Body)
The Vitreous Humor (clear gel, or vitreous body) is the thick, clear fluid inside the eye between the lens and the retina that helps the eye keep its shape. the vitreous is a clear gel that fills most of your eye. It helps light reach the retina and maintains eye shape.
Priority: 6/10
Aqueous Humor (Clear Fluid in Front of Lens / Anterior Chamber Fluid)
The Aqueous Humor (clear fluid in front of lens, or anterior chamber fluid) is the watery fluid that fills the space between the cornea and lens and maintains eye pressure. aqueous humor is the clear fluid in the front of your eye. It maintains eye pressure and nourishes the cornea and lens.
Priority: 7/10
Ciliary Body (Focusing Muscle / Accommodation Mechanism)
The Ciliary Body (focusing muscle, or accommodation mechanism) is the muscle that changes the lens shape so you can focus on objects at different distances. the ciliary body is a muscle that changes the lens shape for focusing. It also produces aqueous fluid.
Priority: 8/10
The Sclera (White of the Eye)
The sclera is the tough, white outer coating of the eye. It protects the delicate parts inside.
Priority: 9/10
Extraocular Muscles (Eye Movement Muscles / Ocular Muscles)
The Extraocular Muscles (eye movement muscles, or ocular muscles) are six muscles attached to the eye that let you move your eyes in different directions. the extraocular muscles are six muscles around the eye. They move the eye in all directions.
Priority: 10/10
The Tear System (Tear Production and Drainage)
The tear system produces, spreads, and drains tears. Tears protect and lubricate the eye.
Priority: 11/10
Retinal Blood Vessels (Retinal Vasculature / Retinal Circulation)
Retinal Blood Vessels (retinal vasculature, or retinal circulation) are tiny blood vessels that supply oxygen and nutrients to the retina. retinal blood vessels supply oxygen and nutrients to the retina. Healthy vessels are important for good vision.
Priority: 12/10
Macula and Fovea (Central Retina / Sharp Vision Area)
The Macula and Fovea (central retina, or sharp vision area) are the most sensitive parts of the retina where you see fine detail and color. the macula is the center of the retina. The fovea is the sharpest point for detailed vision.
Priority: 13/10
Anterior Chamber Angle (Drainage Angle / Iridocorneal Angle)
The Anterior Chamber Angle (drainage angle, or iridocorneal angle) is where fluid (aqueous humor) drains out of the eye through the trabecular meshwork. the anterior chamber angle is where fluid drains from the eye. It's important for maintaining healthy eye pressure.
Priority: 14/10
The Conjunctiva and Eyelid
The conjunctiva is a thin membrane covering the white of the eye and inside of eyelids. The eyelid protects the eye.
Priority: 15/10
Ciliary Muscles (Accommodation Muscles / Ciliaris Muscle)
Ciliary muscles (also called accommodation muscles or ciliary body) are small muscles inside your eye that change the shape of your lens. They help your eye focus on objects at different distances. When these muscles get tired, it can cause eye strain.
Priority: 16/10
Eye Blood Vessels (Retinal Vasculature / Ophthalmic Circulation)
Blood vessels in your eye deliver oxygen and nutrients to keep your vision working. These tiny vessels (called retinal vasculature or ophthalmic circulation) can be damaged by diabetes, high blood pressure, or other conditions. Keeping blood vessels healthy is essential for good vision.
Priority: 17/10
Tear Film (Lacrimal Film / Tear Layers)
Your tear film is a thin, layered coating that covers your eye. It has three layers: oil (lipid), water (aqueous), and mucus (mucin). Each layer serves an important purpose. A healthy tear film keeps your eyes comfortable, clear, and protected from infection.
Priority: 18/10
Ocular Surface (Eye Surface / Anterior Eye)
The ocular surface is the outermost part of your eye that you can see—it includes the cornea, conjunctiva (white part), and eyelids. This surface is incredibly sensitive and protected by your tear film. Keeping your ocular surface healthy prevents many eye problems.
Priority: 19/10
Eyelash Follicles (Lash Roots / Cilia)
Eyelash follicles are tiny structures that grow and anchor your eyelashes (cilia). Each follicle has its own oil gland. When these follicles get infected or inflamed, it causes styes or other eyelid problems. Healthy eyelash follicles help protect your eyes from dust and debris.
Priority: 20/10
Lacrimal Glands (Tear Glands / Lacrimal System)
Lacrimal glands are small glands above your eye that produce tears. Tears keep your eyes moist, comfortable, and protected. When these glands don't work properly, your eyes become dry and uncomfortable. Your lacrimal system also drains tears through small ducts into your nose—that's why you get a runny nose when you cry.
Priority: 21/10
Eyebrow (Superciliary Arch / Brow Ridge)
Eyebrows (superciliary arch) are the hair above your eyes that protect them from sweat, rain, and sunlight. They also help with facial expressions and communication. Your eyebrows contain oil glands that keep them healthy. When eyebrows are healthy, they enhance both eye protection and facial appearance.
Priority: 22/10
Periorbital Region (Area Around Eyes / Orbital Soft Tissues)
The periorbital region is the area around your eyes, including skin, fat, muscles, and connective tissue. This delicate area shows age first because the skin is thinner and the skin there has fewer oil glands. Understanding this area is important because conditions like puffiness, dark circles, and wrinkles affect appearance and can sometimes indicate health problems.
Priority: 23/10
Lateral Canthus (Outer Corner / Temporal Canthus)
The lateral canthus is the outer corner of your eye where your upper and lower eyelids meet on the side closest to your temple. This area is important for proper drainage of tears and helps keep your eye comfortable. Fine lines and wrinkles often appear here as you age.
Priority: 24/10
Medial Canthus (Inner Corner / Nasal Canthus)
The medial canthus is the inner corner of your eye, closest to your nose. This area contains the tear drainage system (lacrimal puncta) that removes tears from your eye and sends them down through tear ducts to your nose. When tear ducts get blocked, it can cause tearing and irritation.
Priority: 25/10
Limbus (Corneal-Scleral Border / Limbal Region)
The limbus (limbal region) is the border between your clear cornea and white sclera. This small area contains stem cells that repair and renew your cornea. The limbus is also where your eye gets its blood supply. Protecting your limbus keeps your cornea healthy and maintains good vision.
Priority: 26/10
Photoreceptors (Light-Sensing Cells / Rods and Cones)
Photoreceptors are special cells in your retina that sense light and convert it into signals your brain can understand. There are two types: rods (see in dim light and black-and-white) and cones (see color and fine detail). Photoreceptors are essential for vision—without them, you would be blind.
Priority: 27/10
Palpebral Fissure (Eye Opening / Interpalpebral Space)
The palpebral fissure is the opening between your upper and lower eyelids—the part of your eye that's visible when your eyes are open. This opening varies in size between people and can change with age, emotion, or medical conditions. A healthy palpebral fissure allows good vision and proper tear coverage.
Priority: 28/10
Eye Socket Floor (Orbital Floor / Infraorbital Region)
Your eye socket (orbit) has four walls made of bone, and the floor (infraorbital region) is the bottom wall that supports your eye and eye muscles. Eye socket fractures can occur from trauma or accidents. Prompt medical attention is important if you suspect an orbital floor fracture, as it can affect eye movement and vision.
Priority: 29/10
The Optic Nerve: Your Eye's Connection to the Brain
The optic nerve is a cable of approximately 1.2 million nerve fibres that carries visual information from the retina to the brain's visual cortex. Damage to the optic nerve — from glaucoma, inflammation, or compression — causes permanent vision loss because nerve fibres cannot regenerate.
Priority: 124/10
The Iris and Pupil: Your Eye's Light Regulator
The iris is the coloured ring visible at the front of the eye. It contains two sets of muscles that control the size of the pupil — the dark central opening — to regulate how much light enters the eye. The iris also gives each person their unique eye colour.
Priority: 125/10
The Sclera: Your Eye's Protective White Shell
The sclera is the tough, white outer coat of the eye. It covers about 85% of the eye's surface and provides structural protection, maintaining the eye's shape and acting as an anchor for the muscles that move the eye. Conditions like episcleritis and scleritis can cause painful redness in the sclera.
Priority: 126/10
The Vitreous Humor: The Eye's Clear Gel
The vitreous humor is the clear, gel-like substance that fills the large central cavity of the eye (the vitreous chamber), making up about 80% of the eye's volume. It maintains the eye's spherical shape, supports the retina, and allows light to pass through to the retina undistorted.
Priority: 136/10
The Cornea: Anatomy, Function, and Common Conditions
The cornea is the transparent dome at the front of the eye responsible for approximately two-thirds of the eye's total focusing power. It has five distinct layers, each with unique functions. The cornea has no blood vessels — it receives oxygen directly from the air and tears.
Priority: 137/10
Eyelid Anatomy: Structure, Function, and Common Conditions
The eyelids are complex, multi-layered structures that protect the eye, spread the tear film with each blink, and regulate light entry. They contain sebaceous meibomian glands, sweat glands, hair follicles (eyelashes), and the orbicularis oculi muscle that controls blinking.
Priority: 138/10
The Choroid: The Eye's Vascular Supply Layer
The choroid is a thin layer of blood vessels and connective tissue sandwiched between the retina and the sclera. It is the primary blood supply for the outer retina, including the photoreceptors (rods and cones). Choroidal health is essential for retinal function and is involved in conditions like AMD and central serous retinopathy.
Priority: 139/10
About Silmatervis
Silmatervis is a comprehensive eye health education platform created by KSA Vision Clinic, Estonia's leading ophthalmology center. With over 55,000 procedures performed annually, our team of expert ophthalmologists brings clinical excellence to patient education.
This platform features professional educational videos from Rendia, integrated with detailed medical information, and available in multiple languages including Estonian and Russian for accessibility across our diverse patient community.
55,000+
Procedures annually
3 Languages
English, Estonian, Russian
110+ Pages
Comprehensive coverage
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